Rafael S. de Souza

Astrophysicist

I am an astrophysicist working across astronomy, statistics, mathematics and computation. My work spans galaxy structure, spatially resolved spectroscopy, statistical inference and scientific representations. I founded the Cosmostatistics Initiative (COIN), have held international leadership roles in astrostatistics, and co-authored the award-winning Bayesian Models for Astrophysical Data.

Astronomical artwork with nebular contours in teal and ochre

I have always been drawn to the places where one way of seeing the world becomes another.

I study what astronomical observations can distinguish when information is incomplete, selectively sampled, compressed, or structured across wavelength and position. Much of my work begins with a simple question: what structure in the data are our usual methods failing to see?

Five MaNGA galaxies and their spectral segmentation maps

CAPIVARA groups spaxels by spectral similarity and maps them back onto the galaxy. In five MaNGA systems, the recovered regions were coherent in continuum and emission-line properties without imposing a bulge–disc decomposition.

Normalised line profiles and their widths and shape coordinates in the spectropath toy case

Spectral lines with similar widths can differ in absorption, asymmetry and the ordering of their components. spectropath describes these differences through a path in velocity–flux space.

Star-forming regions in the Galactic plane and the high-pitch-angle structure associated with the Sagittarius arm

Twenty-five star-forming regions trace a narrow structure about one kiloparsec long, inclined by approximately 56 degrees to the Galactic azimuth.

Bayesian Models for Astrophysical Data book cover

Joseph M. Hilbe, Rafael S. de Souza and Emille E. O. Ishida

Cambridge University Press, 2017.
PROSE Award, 2018.

COIN · 2014—

I founded the Cosmostatistics Initiative in 2014. At its residences, small groups live and work together on astronomical and statistical problems.

Official Cosmostatistics Initiative COIN mark

Writing

The hour arrives.
Rain has passed.
The air is cool and shimmering with ions.

Beyond the Rainbow
Xuenan Cao and Rafael S. de Souza

Cover of Beyond the Rainbow by Xuenan Cao and Rafael S. de Souza

Elsewhere

We compared a 1936 forest map with later maps to study the expansion of invasive black locust and native forests in Italian municipalities.

Sitzia et al. (2025), Ecological Indicators 178, 113961